Barabási Albert-László
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Előadó
A mesterséges polimerek, a műanyagok döntő szerepet játszottak a 20. század technikai vívmányainak létrehozásában. A műanyagfogyasztásban a fejlődő világrészek lakosainak törekvése megállíthatatlan: ők is mobiltelefonra gyűjtenek, a jövőben gépkocsit szeretnének. Miből készüljön a műanyag a kőolaj utáni korban? Erről szól az előadás, szemügyre véve a fenntartható fejlődés követelményeit, a környezetvédelmet, a bio-kompatibilitást, a biomassza átalakítását és mindezek társadalmi-etikai vonzatát is.
Out of the engineering materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers), the lecture concerns synthetic polymers that played a decisive role in the creation of technological feats during the twentieth century. We get an overview of the development of plastics, their technical properties, and the conditions of their production. Today, and increasing amount of synthetic polymers are made from crude oil. It is a widely held notion that plastic is a typical material of the forced consumption levels of our globalized world, wasting the Globe's non-renewable raw material, and therefore having no place in sustainable growth. The use of plastic is indeed correlated with the affluence of a country, its GDP, and crude oil consumption. And the ambitions of developing continents are indeed unstoppable. This lecture will provide an answer to the question whether plastics should be made at all in the age after oil; considering the requirements of sustainable development, environmental protection, compatibility with nature, the conversion of bio-mass, and recycling. Finally, we will learn about the possibilities of producing environmentally friendly polymer composites that link natural and synthetic polymers in a new way.
Az emberi társadalomban is, a világban is minden mindennel összefügg, egy bonyolult, mindent átszövő hálónak a része. Az elmúlt években a hálózatelmélet néhány megdöbbentő felfedezéssel ajándékozott meg bennünket: kiderült, hogy a természetben és a társadalomban megjelenő hálók zöme sokkal inkább hasonlít egymáshoz, mind azt valaha is remélhettük volna, és viselkedésük leírható néhány egyszerű törvénnyel. Az előadás e törvényszerűségek megértésének módjáról beszél.
"The world is small", we usually say when it turns out that in some way or another we have something to do with an apparent stranger. The world is small indeed, as the six billion members of mankind all know each other in a relational distance of just a few steps. Just as in human society, everything is connected with everything in the world, being parts of a complex and all-encompassing network. The very basis of our existence is a complex molecular network in our cells; our communication is carried by the telephone network, and we find information on the World Wide Web. In recent years, the theory of networks gave us some really surprising discoveries: it turned out that the majority of networks appearing in both nature and society is more similar than we had ever hoped, and their behavior can be described with a handful of simple laws. The understanding of these laws have fundamentally changed our approach to quite a few important phenomena around us, including the origin of micro-worlds, the vulnerability of networks, and the nature of cancer. The presentation outlines the science of network research and the extremely wide range of its applications.
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Előadó
A második világháborút követő fél évtizedben hazánkban két teljes körű rendszerváltás ment végbe. Az első időszakban (1945-1946) egy többpárti parlamentáris berendezkedés kiépítéséért folyik a küzdelem, de a második rendszerváltás (1947-1949) felszámolja a világháború után átalakulóban levő társadalmi-politikai tagolódást. A demokráciát végül az 1949-re létrejövő egypárti kommunista diktatúra fojtja meg.
In Hungary, in the 5 years that followed World War II, there were two regime changes. From 1945, the building up of a multi-party parliamentary democracy was started. Between 1947 and 1949, the Communist party sought to extend this political turn of events into a deeper change to the system of society-with Soviet assistance. Leftist influence was strong in Parliament, and even stronger within the local authorities. Subsequent to land reform at the end of 1945, from 1947, a command economy was launched, and from 1948, the collectivisation of agriculture started. Even though regeneration started after the successful reconstruction and stabilisation of the forint, it was rolled back by the foundation of the MDP (the Hungarian Workers' Party) and the fast implementation of the Rákosi dictatorship. A major restructuring of the legal concept of property and property distribution took place. By 1949, all spheres of the society had already been subjected to centralised state control. This was ratified by the constitution of 1949, wherein the democratic principle of the division of power was rejected.