Heller Ágnes
20
03
12
22
Előadó
Sokszor halljuk: a karácsony a szeretet ünnepe. Az előadás ennek a közhelynek az eredetét és értelmét próbálja megvilágítani. Bemutatja, hogy a keresztyén világban a szeretetnek mely dimenziói kerülnek az előtérbe, beszél arról, hogy a szeretetet jelentő görög szavak közül vajon miért éppen az agapé-ra esett az Ószövetség fordítóinak választása, s hogy miben különbözik a szeretetnek ez a formája az érzéki vonzalomtól vagy a baráti érzésektől.
The lecture attempts to reveal the origin and meaning of the commonplace that Christmas is the celebration of love. We know the erotic, fraternal, community and solidarity aspects of love and we need to make a clear distinction between them. It is hardly by chance that the Christian translators of the Old Testament did not use the Greek word 'eros' which denotes the compelling power of desire, nor the word 'filia' which denominates the love of something we happily cling to. Instead, they used the word 'agape', meaning to put another before oneself, to be contented with something, to accept. Love is God's act towards the world, towards us, which manifests itself through Christ and which we can enjoy through the Holy Spirit. How does Man respond to God's initiation of love? With the acceptance of God's redeeming initiative - this is the greatest act of faith. The great joy of Christmas calls us to yield to God's exhortations leading us into a new life through his love. God's love is a sacred love, it urges a way of life and behavior which no human law can oblige man to follow. But why should love be commanded when love itself commands? The unconditional love of God can only be experienced by those who show it in their own lives.
Sokat hallani ma a "posztmodernről" - mintha az valami a modernséget megkérdőjelező fejlemény volna a kultúra, a gondolkodás történetében. Pedig a modernitást magát is a megkérdőjelezés szelleme mozgatja: egyfajta dinamika, amely valahol az ókori Athénben született, ott munkál a zsidó-keresztény kultúrában, és azóta is bomlasztóan hat minden hagyományos, hierarchikus és tekintélyelvű társadalomra. Mégis, a modern társadalom az egyetlen, amelyet ez az elbizonytalanító dinamika nem fenyeget összeomlással - ellenkezőleg, ez tartja életben.
Modernity is driven by the spirit of enquiry, and thus it has had a destructive effect on all hierarchical and authoritarian societies since Hellenistic antiquity. Modern society is the only one not threatened by but fuelled by criticism. The dynamics of modernity first took shape in Socrates' writings, he revealed that what we believe to be righteous, beautiful and good, is not so. During the enlightenment, a decisive phase in the history of modernity, the concept emerged that all human beings are born free. However, the experience of the Holocaust and the Gulag indicate that we cannot believe in the illusion of the enlightenment that modernity naturally embodies the victory of Reason over barbarism. The revolutionary radicalism of capitalism breaks down the traditional order, but it also threatens that which it upholds. Its counterpoise is social democratic policy, which, contrary to capitalism, is conservative as it aims to vindicate the policy of redistribution. These two tendencies become alternately predominant. Important factors are scientific-technical progress, and changeable political orders. Totalitarian systems are also modern but are incapable of keeping the dynamics of modernity alive.
20
04
02
09
Előadó
A város egyike az emberi civilizáció legnagyszerűbb és legösszetettebb produktumainak. Sokkal több, mint építmények, utak és lakóházak halmaza - emberek rendezett közössége, eleven organizmus, sőt szellemi egység is. Sok évezrede nemcsak a mindenkori gazdaság, az ott élők társadalmi viszonyai, de a tudomány, a technika és a művészetek is tevékenyen alakítják arculatát. Ma sokan vélik úgy, hogy a városok metropolissá, a metropolisok városrégiókká növekedése egyre elviselhetetlenebb, nyomasztóbb, személytelenebb világot teremt. Jogos a kérdés, van-e a városnak jövője?
The city is one of the greatest achievements of human civilisation. It is more than the mass of its buildings and roads, it is an organised community, an organism and spiritual unit. Not only economic and social conditions but science, technology and art, too, shape its image. The growth of cities into metropolises and beyond, into city regions, creates an increasingly gloomy world. The city itself is a 'world' and as such, requires an approach that sees the entirety to be more than just the sum of its parts and aspects. The basic functions of a city described by Lewis Mumford can still be found, in a modified form, in the cities of today. The history of urban planning is closely linked to ideas related to the future of society. From the Renaissance onwards utopian ideas have been born that do not take into account real life or the strength of authority and traditions. Modern examples of city planning prove how real life moulds artificial constructions to its shape. The lecture presents the dilemmas of current city planning of Budapest through the examples of the planned Erzsébet boulevard and the group of buildings at Madách square.