Király Béla
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Előadó
A 2001. évi kémiai Nobel-díjat megosztva két amerikai és egy japán kutató kapta a királis szintézisek területén végzett munkájukért. A királis szó a görög cheir szóból származik, melynek jelentése: kéz. A bal kezünk és a jobb kezünk úgy viszonylik egymáshoz, mint kép a tükörképéhez. Az élőlényeket felépítő molekulák túlnyomórészt ilyen szimmetria-tulajdonságokkal rendelkeznek, azaz királisak. A szerves kémia régi célja, hogy olyan előállítási módszereket keressen, amelyek kívánság szerint a képet vagy a tükörképet hozzák létre.
The 2001 Nobel Prize was awarded to Professor B. Sharpless, Professor R. Noyori and pharmaceutical researcher W. Knowles for their work in the field of chiral synthesis. The scientific and technical importance of this discipline is evidenced by the fact that, as a rare exception, an industrial researcher has also been awarded the prize. What is chirality? The best way to illustrate it is perhaps with the relationship of the right and the left hands. These relate to each other as image and mirror image. In the arts there are a number of works demonstrating such a relationship, perhaps, the most well known is Michelangelo's fresco in the Sistine Chapel where the Lord's right hand meets Adam's left hand. The majority of the organic molecules of a living organism are chiral, and, for some as yet unknown reason, only one of the forms is to be found. Such is the limonene that tastes and smells lemon while its mirror image smells orange. There are however, more important differences that can mean a matter of life and death which is why intake of chiral medicines in the appropriate spatial form is so vital.
irály Béla nyugalmazott vezérezredes, a Nemzetőrség egykori parancsnoka hadtörténészként, s egyben az 1956-os események tevékeny alakítójának szemszögéből tekinti át a forradalomban és a szabadságharcban részt vevő különböző fegyveres testületek - a néphadsereg, a rendőrség, a határőrség, az ÁVH és a belső karhatalom - akkori állapotát és az eseményekben betöltött szerepét, a szovjet agresszió alakulását, illetve a felkelők harci tevékenységét Budapesten és vidéken. Az előadás kitér a szabadságharc nemzetközi megítélésének összefüggéseire is.
Béla Király, active shaper of events, reviews the role of the armed forces during the revolution and the struggle for freedom in 1956. On 22 October, the demonstrating students demanded merely the democratic reform of socialism and in the first days the groups of armed rebels were mostly disorganised. The rebellion was only triggered by a provocation. The ceasefire of 28 October put an end to the clashes between the army and rebels. However, the lack of central military leadership led to avoidable bloodshed at Kossuth Square and Köztársaság Square, highlighting the importance of the establishment of the Revolutionary Armed Forces Committee and the organisation of the National Guard. The Soviet invasion began on 1 November and although Ambassador Andropov had assured the Hungarian Prime Minister, Imre Nagy that the Soviets would not wage war on Hungary, on 4 November conflict was a reality. The Hungarian armed forces were unable to resist. The want of foreign assistance resulted from a perception that Soviet supremacy in conventional weaponry could only have been counter-balanced with the risk of a nuclear war.
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Előadó
Napjainkban a médiumok, mindenekelőtt a televízió elterjedtsége jelentős mértékben átalakítja a szocializációs folyamatot. A mára már hagyományosnak tekinthető médiumok (film, újság, televízió, videó stb.) mellett a gyorsan elterjedő új technológiák is egyre jelentősebb szerepet játszanak a gyerekek és a fiatalok mindennapjaiban. Az előadás a média hatásának általános elméleti kérdéseit taglalja, valamint megvizsgálja, milyen tényezőktől függ, hogy mit értenek a gyerekek a médiából, és bemutatja a felnőttek szerepét a gyerekek médiához való viszonyában.
Young people's intensive use of the media and the models characteristic to them shape their idea of reality and the norms of the social world as well as what defines socially acceptable behavior. These in turn influence the behavior, thought patterns, emotional life, stereotypes, sexuality and identity of a developing personality. The age of the viewer influences the interpretation of what is seen on television, thus children regard events and actors on TV in very different ways. Children's judgements of the formal characteristics and structural elements of programs and the personalities of the actors play an important role in their perceptions. The extent to which children understand subject matter seen on TV is related to their intellectual development and to the loosening of egocentric thinking and perceptual constraint. Plainly, adults play a major role in shaping children's relationship to the media in establishing a selective media usage. Parental explanations may also play an important role in developing a more critical viewer attitude by drawing comparisons between televised representation and reality. Young people's intensive use of the media and the models characteristic to them shape their idea of reality and the norms of the social world as well as what defines socially acceptable behavior. These in turn influence the behavior, thought patterns, emotional life, stereotypes, sexuality and identity of a developing personality. The age of the viewer influences the interpretation of what is seen on television, thus children regard events and actors on TV in very different ways. Children's judgements of the formal characteristics and structural elements of programs and the personalities of the actors play an important role in their perceptions. The extent to which children understand subject matter seen on TV is related to their intellectual development and to the loosening of egocentric thinking and perceptual constraint. Plainly, adults play a major role in shaping children's relationship to the media in establishing a selective media usage. Parental explanations may also play an important role in developing a more critical viewer attitude by drawing comparisons between televised representation and reality.