Kósa Éva
20
04
10
25
Előadó
irály Béla nyugalmazott vezérezredes, a Nemzetőrség egykori parancsnoka hadtörténészként, s egyben az 1956-os események tevékeny alakítójának szemszögéből tekinti át a forradalomban és a szabadságharcban részt vevő különböző fegyveres testületek - a néphadsereg, a rendőrség, a határőrség, az ÁVH és a belső karhatalom - akkori állapotát és az eseményekben betöltött szerepét, a szovjet agresszió alakulását, illetve a felkelők harci tevékenységét Budapesten és vidéken. Az előadás kitér a szabadságharc nemzetközi megítélésének összefüggéseire is.
Béla Király, active shaper of events, reviews the role of the armed forces during the revolution and the struggle for freedom in 1956. On 22 October, the demonstrating students demanded merely the democratic reform of socialism and in the first days the groups of armed rebels were mostly disorganised. The rebellion was only triggered by a provocation. The ceasefire of 28 October put an end to the clashes between the army and rebels. However, the lack of central military leadership led to avoidable bloodshed at Kossuth Square and Köztársaság Square, highlighting the importance of the establishment of the Revolutionary Armed Forces Committee and the organisation of the National Guard. The Soviet invasion began on 1 November and although Ambassador Andropov had assured the Hungarian Prime Minister, Imre Nagy that the Soviets would not wage war on Hungary, on 4 November conflict was a reality. The Hungarian armed forces were unable to resist. The want of foreign assistance resulted from a perception that Soviet supremacy in conventional weaponry could only have been counter-balanced with the risk of a nuclear war.
Napjainkban a médiumok, mindenekelőtt a televízió elterjedtsége jelentős mértékben átalakítja a szocializációs folyamatot. A mára már hagyományosnak tekinthető médiumok (film, újság, televízió, videó stb.) mellett a gyorsan elterjedő új technológiák is egyre jelentősebb szerepet játszanak a gyerekek és a fiatalok mindennapjaiban. Az előadás a média hatásának általános elméleti kérdéseit taglalja, valamint megvizsgálja, milyen tényezőktől függ, hogy mit értenek a gyerekek a médiából, és bemutatja a felnőttek szerepét a gyerekek médiához való viszonyában.
Young people's intensive use of the media and the models characteristic to them shape their idea of reality and the norms of the social world as well as what defines socially acceptable behavior. These in turn influence the behavior, thought patterns, emotional life, stereotypes, sexuality and identity of a developing personality. The age of the viewer influences the interpretation of what is seen on television, thus children regard events and actors on TV in very different ways. Children's judgements of the formal characteristics and structural elements of programs and the personalities of the actors play an important role in their perceptions. The extent to which children understand subject matter seen on TV is related to their intellectual development and to the loosening of egocentric thinking and perceptual constraint. Plainly, adults play a major role in shaping children's relationship to the media in establishing a selective media usage. Parental explanations may also play an important role in developing a more critical viewer attitude by drawing comparisons between televised representation and reality. Young people's intensive use of the media and the models characteristic to them shape their idea of reality and the norms of the social world as well as what defines socially acceptable behavior. These in turn influence the behavior, thought patterns, emotional life, stereotypes, sexuality and identity of a developing personality. The age of the viewer influences the interpretation of what is seen on television, thus children regard events and actors on TV in very different ways. Children's judgements of the formal characteristics and structural elements of programs and the personalities of the actors play an important role in their perceptions. The extent to which children understand subject matter seen on TV is related to their intellectual development and to the loosening of egocentric thinking and perceptual constraint. Plainly, adults play a major role in shaping children's relationship to the media in establishing a selective media usage. Parental explanations may also play an important role in developing a more critical viewer attitude by drawing comparisons between televised representation and reality.
20
04
11
15
Előadó
Az út az egyszerű anyagi építőelemektől - az atomoktól - a komplex anyagi rendszerekig - a naprendszerekig, a galaxisokig, az élő anyagig -, az anyag önszerveződésén keresztül vezet. A huszadik század végén az élet kémiai/biokémiai folyamataiból ellesett megoldások mesteri utánzása a kémia fejlődésének új perspektívát nyitott, létrehozta a kémia egy új fejezetét, a szupramolekuláris kémiát, a nem-kovalens kémiai kötéssel kapcsolódó molekulák nanoméretű halmazainak kémiáját.
The lecture presents the development, progress and current state of nano-chemistry, the newest branch of chemistry. The road to nano-chemistry was opened by the mastery with which the chemical processes of biologic life were copied. Nano-chemistry led to the creation of molecular architecture, with the help of which the planned production of complex materials bearing the characteristics of living matter can be achieved. This is an important step, since although we have some knowledge about the molecules that make up biological matter and the structure of living organisms, there exists a knowledge gap between these two areas. This is the chemistry immediately preceding biology, the so-called pre-biotic chemistry, which can explain the chemical processes leading to biological phenomena. Self-organisation of matter has an important role in molecular architecture. Besides the above, the objectives of molecular architecture include the creation of molecular tools. It is hoped that the methods of molecular architecture leading from the small to the large sizes, will be of use in the planning and construction of molecular tools (molecular circuits, sensors, machines) or molecular computers. The lecture discusses in detail the results achieved in these scientific fields.